Mouth Breathings Impact on Dentofacial Development

Mouth breathing is a common issue among children. This habit often develops as an adaptation to upper airway difficulties. Environmental factors, such as allergies, and anatomical issues like enlarged adenoids or tonsils can both play a role.

Though common, identifying mouth breathing, as well as the underlining cause, is crucial in developing children. If left untreated, it can lead to abnormal dental and facial development, as well as long-term health concerns, including sleep apnea and dental concerns.

In a 1981 study involving rhesus monkeys, researchers observed significant changes in facial structure among subjects forced to mouth breathe using nose plugs. The group that breathed through their mouths developed high and narrow palates, long and narrow faces, and receded mandibles. These developmental changes impact not only facial aesthetics but also the underlying anatomy around the mouth, including the airway (Rossi et al., 2015).

A High and Narrow Palate vs. a Flat Broad Palate

Receding Chin Causing Airway Obstruction

Symptoms of Mouth Breathing

Preventing these dentofacial abnormalities begins with symptom recognition. Common symptoms to monitor include:

1. Mouth breathing: It's essential for children and adults to nasal breathe throughout the day and night, except when eating, drinking or talking

2. Snoring: Habitual snoring, defined as snoring at least three times a week, can indicate airway issues.

3. Teeth grinding or clenching: This can be a response to stress or airway obstruction.

4. Sore throats: Mouth breathing bypasses important immune defense and antibacterial actions

5. Tooth decay: Research shows significantly higher levels of streptococcus mutans in mouth breathers, the cavity causing bacteria.

Treatment and Prevention

To address mouth breathing and its effects, consider the following approaches:

1. Identify Underlying Causes: Consult a airway centric healthcare professional to assess for issues like allergies, enlarged tonsils or adenoids, or other anatomical factors.

2. Myofunctional Therapy: This therapy focuses on retraining oral and facial muscle function to promote proper breathing habits.

3. Orthodontic Evaluation: Early orthodontic assessment can help identify and correct dental misalignments related to mouth breathing.

4. Lifestyle Changes: Reducing allergens in the environment, ensuring proper hydration, and promoting nasal breathing techniques can all help.

5. Regular Dental Check-ups: Regular visits to the dentist can help monitor changes and intervene early.

   
   

Myofunctional therapy can be an excellent resource for identifying airway issues and correcting poor habits. By addressing the underlying causes and recognizing these habits early, it's possible to reduce the risk of airway concerns later in life. If you notice any concerning symptoms in yourself or your child, I invite you to take advantage of my complimentary consultation. This is a great opportunity to ask any questions you may have and get the guidance you need.

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Rossi RC, Rossi NJ, Rossi NJ, Yamashita HK, Pignatari SS. Dentofacial characteristics of oral breathers in different ages: a retrospective case-control study. Prog Orthod. (2015) 16:23. doi: 10.1186/s40510-015-0092-y

Lin, L., Zhao, T., Qin, D., Hua, F., & He, H. (2022, August 24). The impact of mouth breathing on dentofacial development: A concise review. Frontiers. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.929165/full#B40